Blog for Discussing All About Biotechnologi Understanding Development, Especially Biotechnology for Modern Health and Medical
Monday, July 26, 2010
TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN
Sesuai standar isi KTSP,mulok Bioteknologi - Teknologi Pengolahan untuk kelas X adalah Pengawetan Makanan melalui pengasapan. Namun demikian, sebagai pengantar materi Teknologi Pengolahan, diberikan beberapa teknologi pengawetan makanan.
Prinsip dari Pengawetan makanan tentunya adalah bagaimana makanan diolah untuk dapat tahan lama, serta meningkatkan kualitasnya, seperti tekstur, aroma, warna dan rasa tentunya. Berikut disampaikan beberapa teknik pengawetan, tentu saja pengawetan yang berbasis teknologi tepat guna, sebagaimana pilar KTSP itu sendiri yang menekankan pada Contecstual Teaching Learning.
1. PengasapanTeknologi pengasapan adalah dengan menaruh makanan dalam kotak yang kemudian diasapi dari bawah. Teknik pengasapan sebenarnya tidak membuat makanan menjadi awet dalam jangka waktu yang lama, karena diperlukan perpaduan dengan teknik pengasinan dan pengeringan. Sale pisang misalnya,merupakan perpaduan antara Pemanisan, pengasapan dan penjemuran. sementara ikan "asap" dapat merupakan perpaduan antara pengasinan dan pengasapan.
Pengasapan berbeda dengan pemanggangan (dibakar) yang menekankan panas api untuk membuat bahan menjadi matang atau kering.
2. Pendinginan
Teknik ini adalah teknik yang paling terkenal karena sering digunakan oleh masyarakat umum di desa dan di kota. Konsep dan teori dari sistem pendinginan adalah memasukkan makanan pada tempat atau ruangan yang bersuhu sangat rendah. Untuk mendinginkan makanan atau minuman bisa dengan memasukkannya ke dalam kulkas atau lemari es atau bisa juga dengan menaruh di wadah yang berisi es.
Biasanya para nelayan menggunakan wadah yang berisi es untuk mengawetkan ikan hasil tangkapannya. Di rumah-rumah biasanya menggunakan lemari es untuk mengawetkan sayur, buah, daging, sosis, telur, dan lain sebagainya. Suhu untuk mendinginkan makanan biasa biasanya bersuhu 15 derajat celsius. Sedangkan agar tahan lama biasanya disimpan pada tempat yang bersuhu 0 sampai -4 derajat selsius.
3. Pengalengan
Sistem yang satu ini memasukkan makanan ke dalam kaleng alumunium atau bahan logam lainnya, lalu diberi zat kimia sebagai pengawet seperti garam, asam, gula dan sebagainya. Bahan yang dikalengkan biasanya sayur-sayuran, daging, ikan, buah-buahan, susu, kopi, dan banyak lagi macamnya. Tehnik pengalengan termasuk paduan teknik kimiawi dan fisika. Teknik kimia yaitu dengan memberi zat pengawet, sedangkan fisika karena dikalengi dalam ruang hampa udara.
4. Pengeringan
Mikro organisme menyukai tempat yang lembab atau basah mengandung air. Jadi teknik pengeringan membuat makanan menjadi kering dengan kadar air serendah mungkin dengan cara dijemur, dioven, dipanaskan, dan sebagainya. Semakin banyak kadar air pada makanan, maka akan menjadi mudah proses pembusukan makanan.
5. Pemanisan
Pemanisan makanan yaitu dengan menaruh atau meletakkan makanan pada medium yang mengandung gula dengan kadar konsentrasi sebesar 40% untuk menurunkan kadar mikroorganisme. Jika dicelup pada konsenstrasi 70% maka dapat mencegah kerusakan makanan. Contoh makanan yang dimaniskan adalah seperti manisan buah, susu, jeli, agar-agar, dan lain sebagainya.
6. Pengasinan
Cara yang terakhir ini dengan menggunakan bahan NaCl atau yang kita kenal sebagai garam dapur untuk mengawetkan makanan. Tehnik ini disebut juga dengan sebutan penggaraman. Garam dapur memiliki sifat yang menghambat perkembangan dan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme perusak atau pembusuk makanan. Contohnya seperti ikan asin yang merupakan paduan antara pengasinan dengan pengeringan.
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Thursday, July 8, 2010
BIOTEKNOLOGI SMA - POWER POINT
POWER POINT BIOTEKNOLOGI
http://www.ziddu.com/download/10781270/BIOTEKNOLOGI.ppt.html
INDONESIA POSITION
Monday, January 12, 2010, United Nations Organization (UNO) have anaunced tha 2010 as Aan International Biodiversity Year. 33,33 % form 1.8 million species was identified on critical condition need more awareness of us. How about Indonesian contect as a Megabiodiversity Country ? And How to prepare Indonesian Young Generation to face Biotechnology Era with their megabiodeversity ?
Indonesia, with its wide range of natural habitats, rich plant and animal resources and high numbers of island endemics, Indonesia is recognized as a major world centre for biodiversity. Although Indonesia covers only 1.3 percent of the earth’s land surface, it includes: 10.0 percent of the world’s flowering plant species 12 percent of the world’s mammal species 16 percent of all reptile and amphibian species 17 percent of the world’s bird species 25 percent or more of the world’s fish species.
Indonesia’s species-rich forests harbour the world’s greatest diversity of palms, more than 400 species of dipterocarps (the most valuable commercial timber trees in Southeast Asia) and estimated 25,000 flowering plants as well as a rich and diverse fauna. Indonesia ranks first in the world for species richness for mammals (515 species, 36 percent endemic), first for swallowtail butterflies (121 species, 44 percent endemic), third for reptiles (600+ species), fourth for birds (1519 species, 28 percent endemic), fifth for amphibians (270 species) and seventh for flowering plants.
Indonesia’s great expanse of territorial waters and the richness of the Indo-West Pacific seas further add to the country’s biodiversity. Indonesia supports a rich variety of coastal and marine habitats. The extensive reef systems in the deep clear sees off Sulawesi and Maluku are among the world richest in species of corals, fishes and other reef organisms.
BIODIVERSITY UTILISATION FOR INDONESIAN
Many of Indonesia’s biological resources are economically important. Several plant species of global and national importance originated in Indonesia, including black pepper, cloves, sugar cane, citrus fruits and many other tropical fruits. More than 6000 species of plants and animals are utilized on a daily basis by Indonesian citizens, either harvested from the wild or cultivated. Seven thousand species of marina freshwater fish are the major sources of protein for the Indonesian people.
Agriculture and fisheries is the mainstay of the nation’s subsistence economy. Numerous wild plants and animals are harvested for domestic or commercial consumption as food, handicrafts, medicines, fuels and building materials.
An estimated 40 million people are directly dependent on biodiversity for subsistence. Twelve million people live in and around forests and many more are dependent on coastal resources. It is the poorest rural people who are most dependent on biodiversity and natural habitats for their livelihoods and it is they who suffer first and most when those habitats are simplified, degraded or otherwise impoverished.
Indonesia’s biodiversity is the country’s greatest natural resources. Many sector of the nation’s economy are dependent directly and indirectly on the diversity of natural ecosystems and the environmental functions they protect. Conservation of biodiversity is crucial to the sustainability of sectors as diverse as forestry, agriculture and fisheries; health care; science; industry and tourism.
In Health care utilization, Indonesian have so many Traditional Medicine Heritage, as such as Traditional Cosmetic Heritage ( Astringent powder or, Sun block, Whitening ext. ); Traditional Healthy Soft drink ( Tamarind juice / gula asam , Hot ginger, Mixed herbal soft drink); Multipurpose Herbal from a Vinka leaf flower for cancer, Diabetus Mellitus and kidney inflammation, Piper battle leaf for antibiotics , Jasmine for breath problems ext.).
BIOTECHNOLOGY
One of the most important factor affecting how people use resources changes in technology. Thai is, the development of new materials machinery or processes. These developments may reduce the need for a once commonly used resource, or boost the demand for s resource that was previously little used. The most important of technology to utilize Indonesian biodiversity benefit is biotechnology.
Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products intended to improve the quality of human life. The earliest biotechnologists were farmers who developed improved species of plants and animals by cross pollenization or cross breeding. In recent years, biotechnology has expanded in sophistication, scope, and applicability.
PREPARING INDONESIAN YOUNG GENERATION
To face a biotechnology Era, Indonesian Young Generation have to improve their capability to take advantage position as a Mega Biodiversity Country. For make this goal successfully, those are several recommended steps as bellow
1.Increasing Indonesian Biodiversity awareness
2.Improving knowledge of An Indonesian Traditional Biotechnology as such as
Traditional Medicine, Nutrient Fermented Feed as such as Tempe (Fermented Soy bean by Rhizopus orizae, Rizhopus stoloniferus and Rhizopus oligosporus),Tape (Fermented Cassava by Sacharomyces cerevicae) ect.Healthy Soft Drink (Jamu) as High Level Cultural Heritage.
3.Socialization Modern Biotechnology application for any level of Indonesian Education Especially for Junior and Senior High School Students.
By the reason above, Indonesian will be a leading country on Biotechnology Era if we prepare Our young Generation in Biotechnology skill.
http://www.ziddu.com/download/10781270/BIOTEKNOLOGI.ppt.html
INDONESIA POSITION
Monday, January 12, 2010, United Nations Organization (UNO) have anaunced tha 2010 as Aan International Biodiversity Year. 33,33 % form 1.8 million species was identified on critical condition need more awareness of us. How about Indonesian contect as a Megabiodiversity Country ? And How to prepare Indonesian Young Generation to face Biotechnology Era with their megabiodeversity ?
Indonesia, with its wide range of natural habitats, rich plant and animal resources and high numbers of island endemics, Indonesia is recognized as a major world centre for biodiversity. Although Indonesia covers only 1.3 percent of the earth’s land surface, it includes: 10.0 percent of the world’s flowering plant species 12 percent of the world’s mammal species 16 percent of all reptile and amphibian species 17 percent of the world’s bird species 25 percent or more of the world’s fish species.
Indonesia’s species-rich forests harbour the world’s greatest diversity of palms, more than 400 species of dipterocarps (the most valuable commercial timber trees in Southeast Asia) and estimated 25,000 flowering plants as well as a rich and diverse fauna. Indonesia ranks first in the world for species richness for mammals (515 species, 36 percent endemic), first for swallowtail butterflies (121 species, 44 percent endemic), third for reptiles (600+ species), fourth for birds (1519 species, 28 percent endemic), fifth for amphibians (270 species) and seventh for flowering plants.
Indonesia’s great expanse of territorial waters and the richness of the Indo-West Pacific seas further add to the country’s biodiversity. Indonesia supports a rich variety of coastal and marine habitats. The extensive reef systems in the deep clear sees off Sulawesi and Maluku are among the world richest in species of corals, fishes and other reef organisms.
BIODIVERSITY UTILISATION FOR INDONESIAN
Many of Indonesia’s biological resources are economically important. Several plant species of global and national importance originated in Indonesia, including black pepper, cloves, sugar cane, citrus fruits and many other tropical fruits. More than 6000 species of plants and animals are utilized on a daily basis by Indonesian citizens, either harvested from the wild or cultivated. Seven thousand species of marina freshwater fish are the major sources of protein for the Indonesian people.
Agriculture and fisheries is the mainstay of the nation’s subsistence economy. Numerous wild plants and animals are harvested for domestic or commercial consumption as food, handicrafts, medicines, fuels and building materials.
An estimated 40 million people are directly dependent on biodiversity for subsistence. Twelve million people live in and around forests and many more are dependent on coastal resources. It is the poorest rural people who are most dependent on biodiversity and natural habitats for their livelihoods and it is they who suffer first and most when those habitats are simplified, degraded or otherwise impoverished.
Indonesia’s biodiversity is the country’s greatest natural resources. Many sector of the nation’s economy are dependent directly and indirectly on the diversity of natural ecosystems and the environmental functions they protect. Conservation of biodiversity is crucial to the sustainability of sectors as diverse as forestry, agriculture and fisheries; health care; science; industry and tourism.
In Health care utilization, Indonesian have so many Traditional Medicine Heritage, as such as Traditional Cosmetic Heritage ( Astringent powder or, Sun block, Whitening ext. ); Traditional Healthy Soft drink ( Tamarind juice / gula asam , Hot ginger, Mixed herbal soft drink); Multipurpose Herbal from a Vinka leaf flower for cancer, Diabetus Mellitus and kidney inflammation, Piper battle leaf for antibiotics , Jasmine for breath problems ext.).
BIOTECHNOLOGY
One of the most important factor affecting how people use resources changes in technology. Thai is, the development of new materials machinery or processes. These developments may reduce the need for a once commonly used resource, or boost the demand for s resource that was previously little used. The most important of technology to utilize Indonesian biodiversity benefit is biotechnology.
Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products intended to improve the quality of human life. The earliest biotechnologists were farmers who developed improved species of plants and animals by cross pollenization or cross breeding. In recent years, biotechnology has expanded in sophistication, scope, and applicability.
PREPARING INDONESIAN YOUNG GENERATION
To face a biotechnology Era, Indonesian Young Generation have to improve their capability to take advantage position as a Mega Biodiversity Country. For make this goal successfully, those are several recommended steps as bellow
1.Increasing Indonesian Biodiversity awareness
2.Improving knowledge of An Indonesian Traditional Biotechnology as such as
Traditional Medicine, Nutrient Fermented Feed as such as Tempe (Fermented Soy bean by Rhizopus orizae, Rizhopus stoloniferus and Rhizopus oligosporus),Tape (Fermented Cassava by Sacharomyces cerevicae) ect.Healthy Soft Drink (Jamu) as High Level Cultural Heritage.
3.Socialization Modern Biotechnology application for any level of Indonesian Education Especially for Junior and Senior High School Students.
By the reason above, Indonesian will be a leading country on Biotechnology Era if we prepare Our young Generation in Biotechnology skill.
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